Protect Your Home from Winter Storms

A winter storm is a combination of heavy snow, blowing snow, and/or dangerous wind chills and can be life-threatening. In North America, winter storms typically form when an air mass of cold, dry Canadian air moves south and interacts with a warm, moist air mass moving north from the Gulf of Mexico.

See how to determine your risk, prepare your family, learn about your building code, and identify ways to strengthen your home against winter storms.

Make a Plan for What to Do Before, During, and After the Next Winter Storm

Before

Stay warm and safe by staying prepared. Create a family disaster plan and build disaster supply kits for both your home and your car.

Install smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors that keep you, your family, and your home safe. Strengthen your home to withstand the effects of winter storms by increasing energy efficiency, protecting against frozen pipes, and removing dead branches and trees.

During

Monitor the weather and stay indoors throughout the storm.

If your heating system or power stops working, keep the heat inside and the cold out by filling the cracks under your doors or around your windows with towels or rags. Close all blinds and curtains. Use generators safely.

After

If you suspect your pipes may have frozen, shut off the water supply and call a plumber to make repairs.

If it is safe to go outside, visually inspect your roof and areas around your home for potential damage from downed limbs or the weight of the snow and ice. Cracked or leaking ceilings may indicate roof damage. Begin to clear the snow around your home and vehicles taking special care to avoid over-exertion.

Take photos of property damage and file a claim with your insurance company.

Get Customized Winter Storm Protection Tips for Your Home

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Best Winter Storm-Resilient Home Upgrades for Safety

Upgrade Pipe Insulation

Upgrade Pipe Insulation

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Inspect Your Fireplace, Furnace, and Heater

Inspect Your Fireplace, Furnace, and Heater to Stay Safe

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Upgrade Attic Insulation

Upgrade Attic Insulation

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Upgrade Wall Insulation

Upgrade Wall Insulation

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Seal Air Leaks in Walls

Seal Air Leaks in Walls

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Install Ice Barrier on the Roof

Install ice barrier on the roof

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Free or Low-Cost Ways to Prepare Your Home for Winter Storms

Build a Disaster Supply Kit

Build a
Disaster Supply Kit

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Make a Home Inventory

Create an Insurance Home Inventory

Learn More
Get an Insurance Checkup

Get an Insurance Checkup

Learn More
Make a Family Disaster Plan

Make a Family Disaster Plan

Learn More

What’s the Difference Between a Winter Storm Watch and a Winter Storm Warning

A Winter Storm Watch and a Winter Storm Warning are issued by the National Weather Service to notify individuals about weather advisories. A “watch” is used when there is a high probability of dangerous weather conditions occurring. A ”warning” is used when dangerous weather conditions are extremely likely to happen soon.

Watch vs. Warning Winter Storms

Winter Storm Watch: It is used in advance, usually 24 to 28 hours before. This notifies that severe winter weather accompanied by heavy snow, sleet, or ice is likely to occur. The alert aims to make individuals aware and remain prepared.

Watch vs. Warning Winter Storms

Winter Storm Warning: It is used when severe winter conditions are expected or already happening in certain regions. The warning indicates that dangerous conditions are extremely likely to occur or have already occurred, signaling the need to take immediate action.

We’re Here to Help You Before, During, and After a Disaster

The Federal Alliance for Safe Homes (FLASH) — a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization — is the leading consumer advocate for strengthening homes and safeguarding families from natural and manmade disasters by following a solid emergency plan.

Resilience Policy Resource Guide

The Playbook provides proven strategies for all leaders who wish to drive resilience.

National Disaster Resilience Conference

This annual conference brings together the nation’s leading voices in disaster safety.

No Code. No Confidence. – Inspect2Protect

Inspect2Protect will help you understand the building code where you live.

Learn About Winter Storms

First step in being prepared to fully understand the situation you might end up in. Here is some crucial knowledge about winter storms and the harsh winter season that can help you prepare better.

What Causes a Winter Storm?

Winter storms can be dangerous for several reasons:

  • Heavy snowfall can create hazardous driving conditions and make it difficult to travel on foot. Snow can also accumulate on roofs and cause collapses, as well as down power lines and disrupt electricity.
  • Winter storms can also bring strong winds that can cause power outages, uproot trees, and damage buildings and infrastructure.
  • Freezing rain, sleet, and ice storms can create extraordinarily slippery and dangerous conditions on roads and sidewalks, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries.
  • Extreme cold temperatures associated with winter storms can lead to hypothermia, frostbite, and other health problems if proper precautions are not taken.
  • Winter storms can also significantly disrupt transportation and other essential services, such as food, water, and medical supplies. They can also cause significant economic losses, such as damage to crops, livestock, and property.

It’s important to be prepared for winter storms by having emergency supplies, staying informed about weather conditions, and following any instructions or evacuation orders from local authorities.

Why Can Winter Storms Be So Dangerous?

Winter storms can be dangerous for several reasons.

Heavy snowfall can create hazardous driving conditions and make it difficult to travel on foot. Snow can also accumulate on roofs and cause collapses, as well as down power lines and disrupt electricity.

Winter storms can also bring strong winds that can cause power outages, uproot trees, and damage buildings and infrastructure.

Freezing rain, sleet, and ice storms can create extraordinarily slippery and dangerous conditions on roads and sidewalks, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries.

Extreme cold temperatures associated with winter storms can lead to hypothermia, frostbite, and other health problems if proper precautions are not taken.

Winter storms can also significantly disrupt transportation and other essential services, such as food, water, and medical supplies. They can also cause significant economic losses, such as damage to crops, livestock, and property.

It’s important to be prepared for winter storms by having emergency supplies, staying informed about weather conditions, and following any instructions or evacuation orders from local authorities.

What Is Wind Chill?

Wind chill is the measure of how cold the air feels on exposed skin due to the combination of temperature and wind speed. As wind speed increases, it removes heat from the body at a faster rate, making the air feel colder than it actually is.

The wind chill temperature is not the actual temperature of the air but rather the temperature that the body perceives it to be.

Wind chill is a crucial factor to consider when preparing for outdoor activities in cold weather. Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures and wind chill can lead to hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related illnesses. It’s essential to dress in warm layers, cover exposed skin, and limit time spent outdoors during extreme cold and windy conditions.

How Can I Prepare My Home for a Winter Storm?

Preparing in advance gives you a big advantage when a storm hits. Here’s what you should do:

  • Insulate pipes, windows, and doors to keep heat in and cold out.
  • Stock up on essentials: food, water, batteries, flashlights, and blankets.
  • Make sure you have a working backup heating option (e.g., a wood stove or generator), and know how to use it safely.
  • Clear your gutters and roof of debris so snow and ice can’t build up and create damage.
  • Trim tree branches near your home so falling snow or ice won’t bring them down.
  • Create an emergency plan: know how you’ll communicate, relocate if needed, and access key items quickly.

These steps can reduce the chance of major damage, help keep your family safe, and make you less vulnerable if utilities go out.

What Should I Do if the Power Goes Out During a Winter Storm?

A power outage in freezing conditions can become a serious hazard, but you can take effective actions:

  • Stay inside, and keep the doors and windows closed. Use blankets and warm clothing to retain heat. Avoid wet clothing as much as possible. 
  • If you have a generator, use it outside and away from windows to avoid carbon-monoxide risk.
  • Turn off or unplug major electronics to avoid a surge when power returns. Leave a light on so you know when power has come back.
  • Use battery-powered lighting instead of candles.
  • Monitor weather reports with a battery-powered radio or your mobile device (if charged and safe to use).
  • If temperatures inside drop near freezing, move into one well-insulated room and concentrate heat there.

Taking these steps can help you maintain safety and comfort until power is restored.

How Can I Protect My Pipes From Freezing During a Winter Storm?

Frozen pipes can burst and cause major damage. Protect them with these actions:

  • Let a slow drip run from faucets connected to exposed pipes. Moving water won’t freeze easily.
  • Open cabinet doors under sinks so warm air from your home can circulate around pipes.
  • Insulate exposed pipes in unheated spaces like basements, attics, garages, or crawl spaces.
  • Seal any leaks that allow cold air into your home near where pipes are located.
  • If you plan to be away, set your thermostat no lower than 55 °F to keep the internal temperature safe for pipes.

By taking these precautions, you can reduce the risk of burst pipes and the water damage that often follows.